An Open Grid Services Architecture Primer

To expand the use of distributed computer infrastructures as well as facilitate grid interoperability, OGSA has developed standards and specifications that address a range of scenarios, including high-throughput computing, federated data management, and service mobility.     

Individual and situational factors that influence the efficacy of personalized feedback substance use interventions for mandated college students.

Little is known about individual and situational factors that moderate the efficacy of personalized feedback interventions (PFIs). Mandated college students (N = 348) were randomly assigned either to a PFI delivered in the context of a brief motivational interview (BMI; n = 180) or to a written PFI only (WF) condition and were followed up at 4 months and 15 months postintervention. The authors empirically identified heterogeneous subgroups utilizing mixture modeling analysis based on heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems. The 4 identified groups were dichotomized into an improved group (53.4%) and a nonimproved group (46.6%). Logistic regression results indicated that the BMI was no more efficacious than the WF across all mandated students. However, mandated students who experienced a serious incident requiring medical or police attention and those with higher levels of alcohol-related problems at baseline benefited more from the BMI than from the WF. It may be an efficacious and cost-effective approach to provide a written PFI for low-risk mandated students and an enhanced PFI with a BMI for those students who experience a serious incident or have higher baseline alcohol-related problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Transition to Solid-State Lighting

Lighting constitutes more than 20% of total U.S. electricity consumption, a similar fraction in the European Union, and an even higher fraction in many developing countries. Because many current lighting technologies are highly inefficient, improved technologies for lighting hold great potential for energy savings and for reducing associated greenhouse gas emissions. Solid-state lighting shows great promise as a source of efficient, affordable, color-balanced white light. Indeed, assuming market discount rates, engineering-economic analysis demonstrates that white solid-state lighting already has a lower levelized annual cost (LAC) than incandescent bulbs. The LAC for white solid-state lighting will be lower than that of the most efficient fluorescent bulbs by the end of this decade. However, a large literature indicates that households do not make their decisions in terms of simple expected economic value. After a review of the technology, we compare the electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and cost-effectiveness of current lighting technologies, accounting for expected performance evolution through 2015. We then simulate the lighting electricity consumption and implicit greenhouse gases emissions for the U.S. residential and commercial sectors through 2015 under different policy scenarios: voluntary solid-state lighting adoption, implementation of lighting standards in new construction, and rebate programs or equivalent subsidies. Finally, we provide a measure of cost-effectiveness for solid-state lighting in the context of other climate change abatement policies.     

Analysis of Relation Between Binding and Magnetic Force in Generators in Extreme Conditions

Because of the action of strong magnetic forces, it’s difficult to avoid end winding vibration in the large turbo-generator stator. Sometimes it leads to the occurrence of accidents and affects the normal operation of the generator. This paper firstly lays out the calculation method for end winding magnetic force. Second, based on the structure of large machines, the natural vibration frequency equation and forced oscillation equation is set up. Third, through the analysis of magnetic force calculation and vibration on the end winding of turbo-generator, it will be shown that the end winding vibration is related to the magnetic force and the position of winding binds as well as binding tightness. We can ease the winding vibration by distributing binding position appropriately or add more bindings, and test the concept through experimental data.     

Revisiting the Worksite in Worksite Health Campaigns: Evidence From a Multisite Organ Donation Campaign

This article advances the beginnings of a general theory of organizational features to aid in understanding why health campaigns that work well in one organization may be ineffectual in another organization. The physical, social, and information structures of organizations are theorized to create an interaction environment that is distinct to each organization and that influences health campaigns. To test this argument, an organ donation campaign was conducted in 46 organizations. Multilevel modeling yielded mixed findings. Physical structure was negatively associated with signing an organ donor card. Social structure and information structure were positively associated with communication with coworkers about donation and communicative peer influence. Industry type was positively associated with knowledge change.     

Primary Li-air cell development

In the present communication, we report on recent researches for optimizing the performance of a primary organic-based Li-air cell. These researches focus on new processing technologies for a high capacity and high rate capable carbon cathode, and the development of oxygen selective membranes based on polysiloxane and methacrylate-polysiloxane copolymers. These membranes, generally classified as silicone rubbers exhibit high permeability for oxygen and impede water transport from the atmosphere into the Li-air cell and solvent loss from the cell into the atmosphere.     

Assessing Concentration Dependence of FCC Metal Alloy Diffusion Coefficients Using Kinetic Monte Carlo

Intrinsic diffusion coefficients have been calculated for a solid solution binary fcc metal alloy with vacancies using grand canonical and kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) methods for a variety of model Hamiltonians. Model Hamiltonians include a kinetically and thermodynamically ideal case, solute-vacancy attraction and repulsion, and solute-solute attraction and repulsion. These model Hamiltonians are chosen to have constant average activation energies in order to focus on contributions from other thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The thermodynamic factor calculated using MC is compared to a mean-field regular solution model. It is shown that the mean-field model accurately predicts the thermodynamic factors for each model alloy Hamiltonian except for the alloys with a solute-solute interaction and concentration that are in the spinodal region (as predicted by the regular solution model). The MC determined concentration-dependent intrinsic diffusion coefficients are compared to values determined from the dilute five-frequency model and Darken and Manning analytical approximations. The results indicate that for a solid solution with known average barriers and vacancy concentration, Darken and Manning approximation-based analytic expressions and mean-field theory can be used to predict concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients within a factor of approximately three, provided the system is outside of the spinodal region. The good accuracy of this approximate approach follows from the fact that the thermodynamic factor is the main contribution to the concentration dependence of the diffusion constants, and that this thermodynamic factor is well described by mean-field theory.